Addicott, J.F., J.M. Aho, M.F. Antolin, D.K. Padilla, J.S. Richardson, and D.A. Soluk. 1987.
Ecological Neighborhoods: Scaling Environmental Patterns. Oikos 49:340-346.
Andelman, S.J., and W.F. Fagan. 2000. Umbrellas and Flagships: Efficient Conservation
Surrogates or Expensive Mistakes? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
97:5954-5959.
Bestelmeyer, B.T., J.R. Brown, K.M. Havstad, R. Alexander, G. Chavez and J.E. Herrick. 2004.
Development and use of state-and-transition models for rangelands. Jour. Range Manage.
56:114-126
Burnette, C., and T. Blaschke. 2003. A multi-scale segmentation/object relationship modelling
methodology for landscape analysis. Ecological Modeling 168:233-249.
Carignan, V. and MA Villard. 2002. Selecting indicator species to monitor ecological integrity: A
review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 78: 45-61.
Christensen, N.L., et al. 1996. The report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the
Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management. Ecological Applications 6: 665-691.
Clements, F.E. and V.E. Shelford, 1939. Bio-ecology. (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1939).
De Leo, Giulio A., and Simon Levin. 1997. “The Multifaceted Aspects of Ecosystem
Integrity.” Conservation Ecology 1, no1. Accessed February 26, 2021.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/26271649.
Egler, F. 1977. The Nature of Vegetation: Its management and mismanagement. (Norfolk,
Connecticut: Aton Forest,1977).
Ervin J. 2002. Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM)
Methodology. Gland (Switzerland): World Wide Fund for Nature.
Faber-Langendoen, D., W. Nichols, J. Rocchio, K. Walz, and J. Lemly. 2016. An Introduction to
NatureServe’s Ecological Integrity Assessment Method. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.
Forman, R.T.T. 1995. Land Mosaics. The ecology of landscapes and regions. (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1995).
Groves, C.R. 2003. Drafting a conservation blueprint: a practitioner’s guide to planning for
biodiversity. (Washington: Island Press, 2003).
Hockings, M., S. Stolton, N. Dudley, and J.D. Parrish. 2001. Enhancing Our Heritage Toolkit:
The Workbook on How to Build Assessment, Monitoring, and Reporting Systems on
Management Effectiveness of World Heritage Sites. (Accessed 18 August 2003 at
www.enhancingheritage.net/docs_public.asp)
Holling, C.S. 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological
Monographs 62: 447-502.
Hunter, M.L. Jr., and K.A. Kohm. 1991. Coping with Ignorance: The coarse-filter strategy for
maintaining biodiversity. In: Balancing on the Brink of Extinction: The Endangered Species
Act and Lessons for the Future, edited by K.A. Kohm, 266-281. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Karr, J.R., and E.W. Chu. 1999. Restoring Life in Running Waters: Better Biological Monitoring.
(Washington: Island Press, 1999).
Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environmental
Management 5: 55-68.
Kotliar, N.B., and J.A. Wiens. 1990. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a
hierarchical Framework for the study of heterogeneity. Oikos 59:253-260.
Leopold, A. 1933. Game Management. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933).
Lindenmayer, D. and others. 2008. A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for
conservation. Ecology Letters 11:78-91.
Maddox, G.D., K.A. Poiani, and R.S. Unnasch. 1999. Evaluating management success: using
ecological models to ask the right monitoring questions. p 563-584 In: Sexton, W.T, A.J.
Malk, R.C. Szaro and N.C. Johnson (eds). Ecological Stewardship: A common reference for
ecosystem management. Vol III (Oxford, UY.K.: Elsevier Science, 1999).
Margoluis, R., and N. Salafsky. 2001. Is Our Project Succeeding? A Guide to Threat Reduction
Assessment for Conservation. (Washington: Biodiversity Support Program, 2001).
Margules, C.R., and R.L. Pressy. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243-253.
Noss, R.F. 1987. From plant communities to landscapes in conservation inventories: A look at
The Nature Conservancy (USA). Biological Conservation 41:11-37.
Noss, R.F. 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach. Conservation
Biology 4:355-364.
Noss, R.F. 1996. Ecosystems as conservation targets. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 351.
Noss, R.R., M.A. O’Connell, and D.D. Murphy. 1991. The Science of Conservation Planning.
Habitat Conservation Under the Endangered Species Act. Washington DC: Island Press.
Noss, R.F. and A. Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving nature’s legacy: Protecting and restoring
biodiversity. (Washington: Island Press, 1994).
Noss, R.F., E.T. LaRoe, J.M. Scott. 1995. Endangered Ecosystems of the United States: A
Preliminary Assessment of Loss and Degradation. (Washington: US Department of the
Interior, National Biological Service. Biological Report no. 28, 1995).
O’Neill, R.V., D.L. Deangelis, J.B. Waide, and T.F.H. Allen. 1986. A hierarchical Concept of
Ecosystems. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Parrish. J.D., D.P. Braun, and R.S. Unnasch. 2003. Are we conserving what we say we are?
Measuring ecological integrity within protected areas. Bioscience 53:851-860.
Pickett, S.T.A. and P.S. White (eds). 1986. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch
dynamics. (New York: Academic Press, 1986).